Properties of Standard Atmosphere

ATMOSPHERE PROPERTIES

Physical Properties of U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 in SI Units
Altitude
(meters) Temperature
(K) Pressure
(Pa) Density
(kg/m³) Viscosity
(N-s/m²)

-2,000 301.15 1.27774E+5 1.47808 1.87630E-5

-1,000 294.65 1.13929E+5 1.34700 1.84434E-5

0 288.15 1.01325E+5 1.22500 1.81206E-5

1,000 281.65 8.98746E+4 1.11164 1.77943E-5

2,000 275.15 7.94952E+4 1.00649 1.74645E-5

3,000 268.65 7.01085E+4 9.09122E-1 1.71311E-5

4,000 262.15 6.16402E+4 8.19129E-1 1.67940E-5

5,000 255.65 5.40199E+4 7.36116E-1 1.64531E-5

6,000 249.15 4.71810E+4 6.59697E-1 1.61084E-5

7,000 242.65 4.10607E+4 5.89501E-1 1.57596E-5

8,000 236.15 3.55998E+4 5.25168E-1 1.54068E-5

9,000 229.65 3.07425E+4 4.66348E-1 1.50498E-5

10,000 223.15 2.64363E+4 4.12707E-1 1.46884E-5

12,000 216.65 1.93304E+4 3.10828E-1 1.43226E-5

15,000 216.65 1.20446E+4 1.93674E-1 1.43226E-5

20,000 216.65 5.47489E+3 8.80349E-2 1.43226E-5

25,000 221.65 2.51102E+3 3.94658E-2 1.46044E-5

30,000 226.65 1.17187E+3 1.80119E-2 1.48835E-5

35,000 237.05 5.58924E+2 8.21392E-3 1.54559E-5

40,000 251.05 2.77522E+2 3.85101E-3 1.62096E-5

45,000 265.05 1.43135E+2 1.88129E-3 1.69449E-5

50,000 270.65 7.59448E+1 9.77525E-4 1.72341E-5

60,000 245.45 2.03143E+1 2.88321E-4 1.59104E-5

70,000 217.45 4.63422 7.42430E-5 1.43679E-5

80,000 196.65 8.86280E-1 1.57005E-5 1.31682E-5

84,852 186.95 3.73384E-1 6.95788E-6 1.25915E-5

Basic Assumptions
Air is a clean, dry, perfect gas mixture; Specific heat ratio = 1.40; Molecular weight to 86 km = 28.9644
Principal sea-level constituents: N₂–78.084%, O₂–20.9476%, Ar–0.934%, CO₂–0.0314%, Ne–0.001818%, He–0.000524%, CH₄–0.0002%

Physical Properties of U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 in SI Units
Altitude (meters)	Temperature (K)	Pressure (Pa)	Density (kg/m³)	Viscosity (N-s/m²)

-2,000	301.15	1.27774E+5	1.47808	1.87630E-5
-1,000	294.65	1.13929E+5	1.34700	1.84434E-5
0	288.15	1.01325E+5	1.22500	1.81206E-5
1,000	281.65	8.98746E+4	1.11164	1.77943E-5
2,000	275.15	7.94952E+4	1.00649	1.74645E-5
3,000	268.65	7.01085E+4	9.09122E-1	1.71311E-5
4,000	262.15	6.16402E+4	8.19129E-1	1.67940E-5
5,000	255.65	5.40199E+4	7.36116E-1	1.64531E-5
6,000	249.15	4.71810E+4	6.59697E-1	1.61084E-5
7,000	242.65	4.10607E+4	5.89501E-1	1.57596E-5
8,000	236.15	3.55998E+4	5.25168E-1	1.54068E-5
9,000	229.65	3.07425E+4	4.66348E-1	1.50498E-5
10,000	223.15	2.64363E+4	4.12707E-1	1.46884E-5
12,000	216.65	1.93304E+4	3.10828E-1	1.43226E-5
15,000	216.65	1.20446E+4	1.93674E-1	1.43226E-5
20,000	216.65	5.47489E+3	8.80349E-2	1.43226E-5
25,000	221.65	2.51102E+3	3.94658E-2	1.46044E-5
30,000	226.65	1.17187E+3	1.80119E-2	1.48835E-5
35,000	237.05	5.58924E+2	8.21392E-3	1.54559E-5
40,000	251.05	2.77522E+2	3.85101E-3	1.62096E-5
45,000	265.05	1.43135E+2	1.88129E-3	1.69449E-5
50,000	270.65	7.59448E+1	9.77525E-4	1.72341E-5
60,000	245.45	2.03143E+1	2.88321E-4	1.59104E-5
70,000	217.45	4.63422	7.42430E-5	1.43679E-5
80,000	196.65	8.86280E-1	1.57005E-5	1.31682E-5
84,852	186.95	3.73384E-1	6.95788E-6	1.25915E-5
Basic Assumptions Air is a clean, dry, perfect gas mixture; Specific heat ratio = 1.40; Molecular weight to 86 km = 28.9644 Principal sea-level constituents: N₂–78.084%, O₂–20.9476%, Ar–0.934%, CO₂–0.0314%, Ne–0.001818%, He–0.000524%, CH₄–0.0002%

See bottom of page for U.S. units

MSISE-90 Model of Earth's Upper Atmosphere
Altitude
(km) Low Solar Activity Mean Solar Activity Extremely High Solar Activity
Temp.
(K) Density
(kg/m³) Pressure
(Pa) Mol. Wt.
(kg/kmol) Temp.
(K) Density
(kg/m³) Pressure
(Pa) Mol. Wt.
(kg/kmol) Temp.
(K) Density
(kg/m³) Pressure
(Pa) Mol. Wt.
(kg/kmol)

0 300.2511 1.17E+00 1.01E+05 28.9502 300.2511 1.17E+00 1.01E+05 28.9502 300.2511 1.16E+00 9.98E+04 28.9502

20 206.2085 9.48E-02 5.62E+03 28.9502 206.2085 9.49E-02 5.62E+03 28.9502 206.2085 9.41E-02 5.57E+03 28.9502

40 257.6979 4.07E-03 3.01E+02 28.9502 257.6979 4.07E-03 3.02E+02 28.9502 257.6979 4.04E-03 2.99E+02 28.9502

60 244.1212 3.31E-04 2.32E+01 28.9502 244.1212 3.31E-04 2.32E+01 28.9502 244.1212 3.28E-04 2.30E+01 28.9502

80 203.1065 1.69E-05 9.81E-01 29.1353 196.3636 1.68E-05 9.45E-01 29.0175 172.2146 1.68E-05 8.42E-01 28.5290

100 168.7219 5.77E-07 2.89E-02 28.0036 184.0160 5.08E-07 2.81E-02 27.7137 297.3338 2.78E-07 2.63E-02 26.1997

120 356.8669 1.70E-08 1.92E-03 26.3948 374.9715 1.80E-08 2.17E-03 25.8745 430.8385 2.34E-08 3.55E-03 23.6456

140 545.8594 2.96E-09 5.37E-04 25.0665 635.5703 3.26E-09 7.03E-04 24.5349 875.9174 4.93E-09 1.61E-03 22.3209

160 630.0652 9.65E-10 2.13E-04 23.7884 787.5532 1.18E-09 3.31E-04 23.4225 1,143.5426 2.23E-09 9.90E-04 21.4577

180 667.8662 3.90E-10 9.62E-05 22.5037 877.6729 5.51E-10 1.80E-04 22.4106 1,314.3427 1.28E-09 6.76E-04 20.7706

200 684.9187 1.75E-10 4.70E-05 21.2516 931.2806 2.91E-10 1.05E-04 21.4734 1,423.6469 8.28E-10 4.86E-04 20.1836

220 692.6487 8.47E-11 2.43E-05 20.0935 963.2701 1.66E-10 6.44E-05 20.6108 1,493.7864 5.69E-10 3.60E-04 19.6664

240 696.1697 4.31E-11 1.31E-05 19.0789 982.4191 9.91E-11 4.09E-05 19.8292 1,538.9154 4.08E-10 2.72E-04 19.2046

260 697.7811 2.30E-11 7.31E-06 18.2300 993.9173 6.16E-11 2.66E-05 19.1337 1,568.0294 3.00E-10 2.08E-04 18.7901

280 698.5220 1.27E-11 4.20E-06 17.5402 1,000.8427 3.94E-11 1.77E-05 18.5256 1,586.8613 2.25E-10 1.61E-04 18.4178

300 698.8644 7.22E-12 2.47E-06 16.9830 1,005.0267 2.58E-11 1.20E-05 18.0015 1,599.0743 1.71E-10 1.26E-04 18.0839

320 699.0233 4.21E-12 1.48E-06 16.5214 1,007.5620 1.72E-11 8.20E-06 17.5537 1,607.0154 1.32E-10 9.93E-05 17.7852

340 699.0973 2.50E-12 9.01E-07 16.1147 1,009.1030 1.16E-11 5.69E-06 17.1721 1,612.1920 1.03E-10 7.86E-05 17.5186

360 699.1320 1.51E-12 5.57E-07 15.7219 1,010.0423 7.99E-12 3.98E-06 16.8449 1,615.5751 8.05E-11 6.26E-05 17.2812

380 699.1483 9.20E-13 3.50E-07 15.3028 1,010.6166 5.55E-12 2.81E-06 16.5597 1,617.7916 6.35E-11 5.01E-05 17.0699

400 699.1561 5.68E-13 2.23E-07 14.8185 1,010.9688 3.89E-12 2.01E-06 16.3044 1,619.2476 5.04E-11 4.02E-05 16.8818

420 699.1597 3.54E-13 1.45E-07 14.2332 1,011.1853 2.75E-12 1.44E-06 16.0669 1,620.2062 4.02E-11 3.25E-05 16.7142

440 699.1615 2.23E-13 9.61E-08 13.5181 1,011.3190 1.96E-12 1.04E-06 15.8360 1,620.8390 3.23E-11 2.63E-05 16.5643

460 699.1623 1.42E-13 6.54E-08 12.6581 1,011.4014 1.40E-12 7.55E-07 15.6008 1,621.2577 2.60E-11 2.13E-05 16.4297

480 699.1627 9.20E-14 4.59E-08 11.6594 1,011.4526 1.01E-12 5.53E-07 15.3508 1,621.5354 2.10E-11 1.73E-05 16.3079

500 699.1629 6.03E-14 3.32E-08 10.5547 1,011.4845 7.30E-13 4.07E-07 15.0760 1,621.7200 1.70E-11 1.42E-05 16.1967

520 699.1630 4.03E-14 2.49E-08 9.4006 1,011.5043 5.31E-13 3.03E-07 14.7669 1,621.8430 1.38E-11 1.16E-05 16.0940

540 699.1630 2.75E-14 1.94E-08 8.2657 1,011.5168 3.88E-13 2.27E-07 14.4148 1,621.9253 1.13E-11 9.50E-06 15.9980

560 699.1631 1.93E-14 1.55E-08 7.2141 1,011.5245 2.85E-13 1.71E-07 14.0125 1,621.9803 9.21E-12 7.81E-06 15.9067

580 699.1631 1.39E-14 1.28E-08 6.2904 1,011.5294 2.11E-13 1.31E-07 13.5547 1,622.0172 7.55E-12 6.44E-06 15.8187

600 699.1631 1.03E-14 1.09E-08 5.5149 1,011.5325 1.56E-13 1.01E-07 13.0389 1,622.0421 6.20E-12 5.31E-06 15.7321

620 699.1631 7.90E-15 9.40E-09 4.8864 1,011.5345 1.17E-13 7.89E-08 12.4665 1,622.0588 5.10E-12 4.40E-06 15.6457

640 699.1631 6.24E-15 8.27E-09 4.3891 1,011.5357 8.79E-14 6.24E-08 11.8428 1,622.0702 4.20E-12 3.65E-06 15.5578

660 699.1631 5.06E-15 7.36E-09 4.0012 1,011.5365 6.65E-14 5.01E-08 11.1779 1,622.0778 3.47E-12 3.03E-06 15.4672

680 699.1631 4.21E-15 6.62E-09 3.6999 1,011.5370 5.08E-14 4.07E-08 10.4854 1,622.0830 2.88E-12 2.52E-06 15.3725

700 699.1631 3.58E-15 6.00E-09 3.4648 1,011.5374 3.91E-14 3.36E-08 9.7818 1,622.0865 2.38E-12 2.11E-06 15.2723

720 699.1631 3.09E-15 5.48E-09 3.2789 1,011.5375 3.04E-14 2.82E-08 9.0847 1,622.0890 1.98E-12 1.76E-06 15.1653

740 699.1631 2.70E-15 5.02E-09 3.1289 1,011.5377 2.39E-14 2.39E-08 8.4111 1,622.0906 1.65E-12 1.48E-06 15.0503

760 699.1631 2.39E-15 4.63E-09 3.0049 1,011.5377 1.90E-14 2.06E-08 7.7753 1,622.0918 1.37E-12 1.24E-06 14.9260

780 699.1631 2.13E-15 4.28E-09 2.8996 1,011.5378 1.53E-14 1.79E-08 7.1884 1,622.0925 1.15E-12 1.05E-06 14.7912

800 699.1631 1.91E-15 3.96E-09 2.8075 1,011.5378 1.25E-14 1.58E-08 6.6572 1,622.0930 9.59E-13 8.84E-07 14.6447

820 699.1631 1.73E-15 3.68E-09 2.7249 1,011.5378 1.03E-14 1.40E-08 6.1849 1,622.0934 8.04E-13 7.48E-07 14.4854

840 699.1631 1.56E-15 3.43E-09 2.6492 1,011.5379 8.64E-15 1.26E-08 5.7711 1,622.0936 6.74E-13 6.36E-07 14.3123

860 699.1631 1.42E-15 3.21E-09 2.5784 1,011.5379 7.32E-15 1.14E-08 5.4132 1,622.0939 5.67E-13 5.42E-07 14.1244

880 699.1631 1.30E-15 3.00E-09 2.5113 1,011.5379 6.28E-15 1.04E-08 5.1066 1,622.0940 4.77E-13 4.63E-07 13.9210

900 699.1631 1.18E-15 2.81E-09 2.4470 1,011.5379 5.46E-15 9.47E-09 4.8460 1,622.0940 4.03E-13 3.97E-07 13.7015

MSISE-90 Model of Earth's Upper Atmosphere
Altitude (km)	Low Solar Activity	Mean Solar Activity	Extremely High Solar Activity
Temp. (K)	Density (kg/m³)	Pressure (Pa)	Mol. Wt. (kg/kmol)	Temp. (K)	Density (kg/m³)	Pressure (Pa)	Mol. Wt. (kg/kmol)	Temp. (K)	Density (kg/m³)	Pressure (Pa)	Mol. Wt. (kg/kmol)

0	300.2511	1.17E+00	1.01E+05	28.9502	300.2511	1.17E+00	1.01E+05	28.9502	300.2511	1.16E+00	9.98E+04	28.9502
20	206.2085	9.48E-02	5.62E+03	28.9502	206.2085	9.49E-02	5.62E+03	28.9502	206.2085	9.41E-02	5.57E+03	28.9502
40	257.6979	4.07E-03	3.01E+02	28.9502	257.6979	4.07E-03	3.02E+02	28.9502	257.6979	4.04E-03	2.99E+02	28.9502
60	244.1212	3.31E-04	2.32E+01	28.9502	244.1212	3.31E-04	2.32E+01	28.9502	244.1212	3.28E-04	2.30E+01	28.9502
80	203.1065	1.69E-05	9.81E-01	29.1353	196.3636	1.68E-05	9.45E-01	29.0175	172.2146	1.68E-05	8.42E-01	28.5290
100	168.7219	5.77E-07	2.89E-02	28.0036	184.0160	5.08E-07	2.81E-02	27.7137	297.3338	2.78E-07	2.63E-02	26.1997
120	356.8669	1.70E-08	1.92E-03	26.3948	374.9715	1.80E-08	2.17E-03	25.8745	430.8385	2.34E-08	3.55E-03	23.6456
140	545.8594	2.96E-09	5.37E-04	25.0665	635.5703	3.26E-09	7.03E-04	24.5349	875.9174	4.93E-09	1.61E-03	22.3209
160	630.0652	9.65E-10	2.13E-04	23.7884	787.5532	1.18E-09	3.31E-04	23.4225	1,143.5426	2.23E-09	9.90E-04	21.4577
180	667.8662	3.90E-10	9.62E-05	22.5037	877.6729	5.51E-10	1.80E-04	22.4106	1,314.3427	1.28E-09	6.76E-04	20.7706
200	684.9187	1.75E-10	4.70E-05	21.2516	931.2806	2.91E-10	1.05E-04	21.4734	1,423.6469	8.28E-10	4.86E-04	20.1836
220	692.6487	8.47E-11	2.43E-05	20.0935	963.2701	1.66E-10	6.44E-05	20.6108	1,493.7864	5.69E-10	3.60E-04	19.6664
240	696.1697	4.31E-11	1.31E-05	19.0789	982.4191	9.91E-11	4.09E-05	19.8292	1,538.9154	4.08E-10	2.72E-04	19.2046
260	697.7811	2.30E-11	7.31E-06	18.2300	993.9173	6.16E-11	2.66E-05	19.1337	1,568.0294	3.00E-10	2.08E-04	18.7901
280	698.5220	1.27E-11	4.20E-06	17.5402	1,000.8427	3.94E-11	1.77E-05	18.5256	1,586.8613	2.25E-10	1.61E-04	18.4178
300	698.8644	7.22E-12	2.47E-06	16.9830	1,005.0267	2.58E-11	1.20E-05	18.0015	1,599.0743	1.71E-10	1.26E-04	18.0839
320	699.0233	4.21E-12	1.48E-06	16.5214	1,007.5620	1.72E-11	8.20E-06	17.5537	1,607.0154	1.32E-10	9.93E-05	17.7852
340	699.0973	2.50E-12	9.01E-07	16.1147	1,009.1030	1.16E-11	5.69E-06	17.1721	1,612.1920	1.03E-10	7.86E-05	17.5186
360	699.1320	1.51E-12	5.57E-07	15.7219	1,010.0423	7.99E-12	3.98E-06	16.8449	1,615.5751	8.05E-11	6.26E-05	17.2812
380	699.1483	9.20E-13	3.50E-07	15.3028	1,010.6166	5.55E-12	2.81E-06	16.5597	1,617.7916	6.35E-11	5.01E-05	17.0699
400	699.1561	5.68E-13	2.23E-07	14.8185	1,010.9688	3.89E-12	2.01E-06	16.3044	1,619.2476	5.04E-11	4.02E-05	16.8818
420	699.1597	3.54E-13	1.45E-07	14.2332	1,011.1853	2.75E-12	1.44E-06	16.0669	1,620.2062	4.02E-11	3.25E-05	16.7142
440	699.1615	2.23E-13	9.61E-08	13.5181	1,011.3190	1.96E-12	1.04E-06	15.8360	1,620.8390	3.23E-11	2.63E-05	16.5643
460	699.1623	1.42E-13	6.54E-08	12.6581	1,011.4014	1.40E-12	7.55E-07	15.6008	1,621.2577	2.60E-11	2.13E-05	16.4297
480	699.1627	9.20E-14	4.59E-08	11.6594	1,011.4526	1.01E-12	5.53E-07	15.3508	1,621.5354	2.10E-11	1.73E-05	16.3079
500	699.1629	6.03E-14	3.32E-08	10.5547	1,011.4845	7.30E-13	4.07E-07	15.0760	1,621.7200	1.70E-11	1.42E-05	16.1967
520	699.1630	4.03E-14	2.49E-08	9.4006	1,011.5043	5.31E-13	3.03E-07	14.7669	1,621.8430	1.38E-11	1.16E-05	16.0940
540	699.1630	2.75E-14	1.94E-08	8.2657	1,011.5168	3.88E-13	2.27E-07	14.4148	1,621.9253	1.13E-11	9.50E-06	15.9980
560	699.1631	1.93E-14	1.55E-08	7.2141	1,011.5245	2.85E-13	1.71E-07	14.0125	1,621.9803	9.21E-12	7.81E-06	15.9067
580	699.1631	1.39E-14	1.28E-08	6.2904	1,011.5294	2.11E-13	1.31E-07	13.5547	1,622.0172	7.55E-12	6.44E-06	15.8187
600	699.1631	1.03E-14	1.09E-08	5.5149	1,011.5325	1.56E-13	1.01E-07	13.0389	1,622.0421	6.20E-12	5.31E-06	15.7321
620	699.1631	7.90E-15	9.40E-09	4.8864	1,011.5345	1.17E-13	7.89E-08	12.4665	1,622.0588	5.10E-12	4.40E-06	15.6457
640	699.1631	6.24E-15	8.27E-09	4.3891	1,011.5357	8.79E-14	6.24E-08	11.8428	1,622.0702	4.20E-12	3.65E-06	15.5578
660	699.1631	5.06E-15	7.36E-09	4.0012	1,011.5365	6.65E-14	5.01E-08	11.1779	1,622.0778	3.47E-12	3.03E-06	15.4672
680	699.1631	4.21E-15	6.62E-09	3.6999	1,011.5370	5.08E-14	4.07E-08	10.4854	1,622.0830	2.88E-12	2.52E-06	15.3725
700	699.1631	3.58E-15	6.00E-09	3.4648	1,011.5374	3.91E-14	3.36E-08	9.7818	1,622.0865	2.38E-12	2.11E-06	15.2723
720	699.1631	3.09E-15	5.48E-09	3.2789	1,011.5375	3.04E-14	2.82E-08	9.0847	1,622.0890	1.98E-12	1.76E-06	15.1653
740	699.1631	2.70E-15	5.02E-09	3.1289	1,011.5377	2.39E-14	2.39E-08	8.4111	1,622.0906	1.65E-12	1.48E-06	15.0503
760	699.1631	2.39E-15	4.63E-09	3.0049	1,011.5377	1.90E-14	2.06E-08	7.7753	1,622.0918	1.37E-12	1.24E-06	14.9260
780	699.1631	2.13E-15	4.28E-09	2.8996	1,011.5378	1.53E-14	1.79E-08	7.1884	1,622.0925	1.15E-12	1.05E-06	14.7912
800	699.1631	1.91E-15	3.96E-09	2.8075	1,011.5378	1.25E-14	1.58E-08	6.6572	1,622.0930	9.59E-13	8.84E-07	14.6447
820	699.1631	1.73E-15	3.68E-09	2.7249	1,011.5378	1.03E-14	1.40E-08	6.1849	1,622.0934	8.04E-13	7.48E-07	14.4854
840	699.1631	1.56E-15	3.43E-09	2.6492	1,011.5379	8.64E-15	1.26E-08	5.7711	1,622.0936	6.74E-13	6.36E-07	14.3123
860	699.1631	1.42E-15	3.21E-09	2.5784	1,011.5379	7.32E-15	1.14E-08	5.4132	1,622.0939	5.67E-13	5.42E-07	14.1244
880	699.1631	1.30E-15	3.00E-09	2.5113	1,011.5379	6.28E-15	1.04E-08	5.1066	1,622.0940	4.77E-13	4.63E-07	13.9210
900	699.1631	1.18E-15	2.81E-09	2.4470	1,011.5379	5.46E-15	9.47E-09	4.8460	1,622.0940	4.03E-13	3.97E-07	13.7015

Atmospheric Scale Height & Density, to 35,786 km
Altitude
(km) Scale Height
(km) Atmospheric Density

Mean
(kg/m³) Maximum
(kg/m³)

0 8.4 1.225 1.225

100 5.9 5.25E-7 5.75E-7

150 25.5 1.73E-9 1.99E-9

200 37.5 2.41E-10 3.65E-10

250 44.8 5.97E-11 1.20E-10

300 50.3 1.87E-11 4.84E-11

350 54.8 6.66E-12 2.18E-11

400 58.2 2.62E-12 1.05E-11

450 61.3 1.09E-12 5.35E-12

500 64.5 4.76E-13 2.82E-12

550 68.7 2.14E-13 1.53E-12

600 74.8 9.89E-14 8.46E-13

650 84.4 4.73E-14 4.77E-13

700 99.3 2.36E-14 2.73E-13

750 121 1.24E-14 1.59E-13

800 151 6.95E-15 9.41E-14

850 188 4.22E-15 5.67E-14

900 226 2.78E-15 3.49E-14

950 263 1.98E-15 2.21E-14

1,000 296 1.49E-15 1.43E-14

1,250 408 5.70E-16 2.82E-15

1,500 516 2.79E-16 1.16E-15

2,000 829 9.09E-17 3.80E-16

2,500 1220 4.23E-17 1.54E-16

3,000 1590 2.54E-17 7.09E-17

3,500 1900 1.77E-17 3.67E-17

4,000 2180 1.34E-17 2.11E-17

4,500 2430 1.06E-17 1.34E-17

5,000 2690 8.62E-18 9.30E-18

6,000 3200 6.09E-18 5.41E-18

7,000 3750 4.56E-18 3.74E-18

8,000 4340 3.56E-18 2.87E-18

9,000 4970 2.87E-18 2.34E-18

10,000 5630 2.37E-18 1.98E-18

15,000 9600 1.21E-18 1.16E-18

20,000 14600 7.92E-19 8.42E-19

25,000 20700 5.95E-19 6.81E-19

30,000 27800 4.83E-19 5.84E-19

35,000 36000 4.13E-19 5.21E-19

35,786 37300 4.04E-19 5.12E-19

Atmospheric Scale Height & Density, to 35,786 km
Altitude (km)	Scale Height (km)	Atmospheric Density
Mean (kg/m³)	Maximum (kg/m³)

0	8.4	1.225	1.225
100	5.9	5.25E-7	5.75E-7
150	25.5	1.73E-9	1.99E-9
200	37.5	2.41E-10	3.65E-10
250	44.8	5.97E-11	1.20E-10
300	50.3	1.87E-11	4.84E-11
350	54.8	6.66E-12	2.18E-11
400	58.2	2.62E-12	1.05E-11
450	61.3	1.09E-12	5.35E-12
500	64.5	4.76E-13	2.82E-12
550	68.7	2.14E-13	1.53E-12
600	74.8	9.89E-14	8.46E-13
650	84.4	4.73E-14	4.77E-13
700	99.3	2.36E-14	2.73E-13
750	121	1.24E-14	1.59E-13
800	151	6.95E-15	9.41E-14
850	188	4.22E-15	5.67E-14
900	226	2.78E-15	3.49E-14
950	263	1.98E-15	2.21E-14
1,000	296	1.49E-15	1.43E-14
1,250	408	5.70E-16	2.82E-15
1,500	516	2.79E-16	1.16E-15
2,000	829	9.09E-17	3.80E-16
2,500	1220	4.23E-17	1.54E-16
3,000	1590	2.54E-17	7.09E-17
3,500	1900	1.77E-17	3.67E-17
4,000	2180	1.34E-17	2.11E-17
4,500	2430	1.06E-17	1.34E-17
5,000	2690	8.62E-18	9.30E-18
6,000	3200	6.09E-18	5.41E-18
7,000	3750	4.56E-18	3.74E-18
8,000	4340	3.56E-18	2.87E-18
9,000	4970	2.87E-18	2.34E-18
10,000	5630	2.37E-18	1.98E-18
15,000	9600	1.21E-18	1.16E-18
20,000	14600	7.92E-19	8.42E-19
25,000	20700	5.95E-19	6.81E-19
30,000	27800	4.83E-19	5.84E-19
35,000	36000	4.13E-19	5.21E-19
35,786	37300	4.04E-19	5.12E-19

Physical Properties of U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 in U.S. Units
Altitude
(feet) Temperature
(^oR) Pressure
(psia) Density
(slug/ft³) Viscosity
(lb-s/ft²)

-6,000 540.07 18.1749 2.82344E-3 3.90735E-7

-3,000 529.37 16.3607 2.59297E-3 3.84625E-7

0 518.67 14.6959 2.37717E-3 3.78456E-7

5,000 500.84 12.2277 2.04834E-3 3.68041E-7

10,000 483.01 10.1065 1.75549E-3 3.57454E-7

15,000 465.18 8.29354 1.49581E-3 3.46688E-7

20,000 447.35 6.75343 1.26659E-3 3.35735E-7

25,000 429.52 5.45355 1.06526E-3 3.24588E-7

30,000 411.69 4.36413 8.89378E-4 3.13240E-7

35,000 393.85 3.45803 7.36627E-4 3.01681E-7

40,000 389.97 2.72003 5.85189E-4 2.99135E-7

45,000 389.97 2.13897 4.60180E-4 2.99135E-7

50,000 389.97 1.68204 3.61876E-4 2.99135E-7

55,000 389.97 1.32272 2.84571E-4 2.99135E-7

60,000 389.97 1.04016 2.23781E-4 2.99135E-7

70,000 392.37 6.43641E-1 1.37625E-4 3.00712E-7

80,000 397.86 4.00519E-1 8.44590E-5 3.04297E-7

100,000 408.83 1.58114E-1 3.24473E-5 3.11406E-7

120,000 434.63 6.47290E-2 1.24948E-5 3.27808E-7

140,000 465.36 2.81301E-2 5.07154E-6 3.46797E-7

160,000 487.17 1.28682E-2 2.21610E-6 3.59941E-7

180,000 467.70 5.90183E-3 1.05871E-6 3.48219E-7

200,000 436.97 2.57592E-3 4.94576E-7 3.29273E-7

225,000 398.57 8.38438E-4 1.76492E-7 3.04757E-7

250,000 367.65 2.45671E-4 5.60626E-8 2.84296E-7

278,386 336.50 5.41542E-5 1.35020E-8 2.62978E-7

Physical Properties of U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 in U.S. Units
Altitude (feet)	Temperature (^oR)	Pressure (psia)	Density (slug/ft³)	Viscosity (lb-s/ft²)

-6,000	540.07	18.1749	2.82344E-3	3.90735E-7
-3,000	529.37	16.3607	2.59297E-3	3.84625E-7
0	518.67	14.6959	2.37717E-3	3.78456E-7
5,000	500.84	12.2277	2.04834E-3	3.68041E-7
10,000	483.01	10.1065	1.75549E-3	3.57454E-7
15,000	465.18	8.29354	1.49581E-3	3.46688E-7
20,000	447.35	6.75343	1.26659E-3	3.35735E-7
25,000	429.52	5.45355	1.06526E-3	3.24588E-7
30,000	411.69	4.36413	8.89378E-4	3.13240E-7
35,000	393.85	3.45803	7.36627E-4	3.01681E-7
40,000	389.97	2.72003	5.85189E-4	2.99135E-7
45,000	389.97	2.13897	4.60180E-4	2.99135E-7
50,000	389.97	1.68204	3.61876E-4	2.99135E-7
55,000	389.97	1.32272	2.84571E-4	2.99135E-7
60,000	389.97	1.04016	2.23781E-4	2.99135E-7
70,000	392.37	6.43641E-1	1.37625E-4	3.00712E-7
80,000	397.86	4.00519E-1	8.44590E-5	3.04297E-7
100,000	408.83	1.58114E-1	3.24473E-5	3.11406E-7
120,000	434.63	6.47290E-2	1.24948E-5	3.27808E-7
140,000	465.36	2.81301E-2	5.07154E-6	3.46797E-7
160,000	487.17	1.28682E-2	2.21610E-6	3.59941E-7
180,000	467.70	5.90183E-3	1.05871E-6	3.48219E-7
200,000	436.97	2.57592E-3	4.94576E-7	3.29273E-7
225,000	398.57	8.38438E-4	1.76492E-7	3.04757E-7
250,000	367.65	2.45671E-4	5.60626E-8	2.84296E-7
278,386	336.50	5.41542E-5	1.35020E-8	2.62978E-7

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